Mercy and the Masquerade Trial and Performance in The Merchant of Venice - Literature Essay Samples

According to the evidence we have, it seems Shakespeare wrote his plays exclusively to be performed. We are repeatedly reminded of this fact; there are throughout many of his plays moments of self-conscious performance, performance that reflects the nature of the very spectacle that occurred on stage for an audience. Though this dramatic principle is perhaps most explicit in A Midsummer Nights Dream, with the guild play put on by Bottom and his buddies exhibiting a thematic correspondence with the performance actually framing that play, we can see it too in The Merchant of Venice, where a less overt, though more momentous, example of performance occurs. I mean of course Portias impersonation of a lawyer, and the scene of her trial of Shylock, a true courtroom drama.In the atmosphere of masquerade that forms an undercurrent to the actions of the play, Portias decision to disguise both her aspect and her profession serves to question the larger societal structures that seem to requi re these ruses. Why must it be Portia, a woman, and in disguise, that reverses the edicts of Venetian law? Why must a masquerade exist in order to correct law towards mercy? This masquerade is what averts the course of a potential tragedy, and turns it to a comedy. In establishing a false, though parallel, order, the strict literality of Venetian law can be put aside, or modified, in order to correspond more wholly with Christian values. Defying the authority of the law would set Venice topsy-turvy; it is by setting the court topsy-turvy, by turning it into a masquerade, that this consequence can be circumvented.The sphere of The Merchant of Venice is structured around the mercantile economy of Venice, a cosmopolitan society. Confusion, or the disputation of justice, is almost inevitable in a situation where different value systems function side by side. Value as a negotiable variable allows for the existence of mercantile economy, but once terms are set, they cannot be contr adicted or rescinded. Thus, a fundamental assumption for the orderly working of the plays world is the indisputability of contractual obligation. Terms, and bonds, are incontrovertible; these are the rules of the game. Legal bond as absolute obligation buttresses other aspects of the Venetian world that are not nearly so secure, namely, the underlying risk which accompanies all commercial ventures. The play banks on the liquidity and slipperiness of meaning in other respects, and in particular, in the divide between aspect and reality, container and content. This is most apparent in the casket-game Portias suitors must play in order to win her hand. In order to make the correct choice between gold, silver, and lead, the suitors must lay aside the value-system of the Venetian world, which assigns a definite, indisputable hierarchy of worth to these materials. In choosing lead, Bassanio is, in essence, acknowledging the existence of an opposing order than the one the marketplac e is accountable to. It is significant, however, that this acknowledgement can only be made allegorically, ensconced within a game with its own set of rules, however grave the consequences of the game might be. It is important to note that Portias other suitors are confounded as much by the interpretation they give to the legends written on the lids as the substance of the casket itself. This problem, the possibility of incorrect interpretation, is further explored in the actions of Lancelot. In charging his conscience with determining the right course of action, the clown must decide between one fiend and another. Through his confabulations of language, he reduces his choice to no choice. If he makes ÂÅ'the fiend the master of his conscience, he shall desert his master Shylock. His conscience, meanwhile, requires that he obey authority, and stay with his master, who is a fiend. In either case, he reasons, a fiend shall be his master. So how does he decide? The fiend gives the more friendly counsel. I will run, fiend (2, ii, 24). He turns the law to his advantage.Lorenzo later pronounces damning judgment on this sort of willful, deceptive word play. How every fool can play upon the word! I think the/ best grace of wit will shortly turn into silence, and discourse/ grow commendable in none only but parrots (3, v, 37-9). Here he is taunting Lancelots reluctance to make preparations for dinner, yet his speech carries greater resonance, as it occurs in the scene immediately preceding the trial of Antonio and Shylock. Just as Lancelot slips the noose of his conscience by verbal cleverness, in order to justify a choice that conventional interpretation opposes, Portia will play upon the word of the law to secure Antonios life. Lorenzo decries word play as the death of discourse because, by confounding understanding between parties, it reduces words to meaninglessness, or worse, a negative force for deception, to be bettered by silence. Speech, he wa rns, will become commendable in none only but parrots. The speech of parrots, of course, is sound without sense, to them  ­ but the literal repetition this sort of speech implies, with no possibility of ambiguity precisely because it conveys nothing, is what Portia will try to modify when she introduces alternate interpretations into her parroting of the law. What Lorenzo calls the death of discourse, the deliberate doubling of meaning, will be Antonios salvation.Portia utilizes the presence of this necessary ambiguity in language, and in the law, to its utmost. Her final argument  ­ that Shylock, in asking for a pound of Antonios flesh, is in violation of the law that prohibits against conspiring to murder a citizen, is condemnation enough to stand on its own, and could be delivered right away. But she draws the court into it, sets up a false situation, compounded by her false guise. She first stages an alternate ending for the trial, one in which Shylock triumphs complete ly, and thus sets up the situation of tragedy. Bassanio pleads with her, To do a great right, do a little wrong (4, I, 211). In the law, of course, such an appeal to common-sense notions of scale, cannot be valid there is no ÂÅ'great or ÂÅ'little; there is only right, and wrong. This way of reckoning echoes Portias casket-game; there is one right answer, which is right absolutely, not by degrees. Therefore, by using the same literal rigor of interpretation that the law is founded on, and that Shylock appeals to, to reverse her verdict, Portia avoids the ÂÅ'little wrong in securing Antonios freedom. In doing so, she leaves Shylock no recourse. The words expressly are ÂÅ'a pound of flesh' (4, I, 302). In declaring that his request before the law necessarily signifies his own damnation before the law, Portia makes it impossible for him to proceed. The rationale behind his condemnation, a distinction between a pound of flesh and the spilt blood it entails, is a nice echo of the Mosaic code and the Kosher laws, which stipulate that meat, before it is eaten, should be evacuated, as much as possible, of blood. It should be noted that Antonios life is not secured by an act of mercy, but rather an application of the law. Mercy is never, even by force, imputed to Shylock; only the Christians demonstrate mercy, when reducing his sentence. Thus, there is clear dramatic irony in Shylocks assertion: There is no power in the tongue of man/ To alter me (4, I, 235-6). He might as well have said, to alter the terms of the bond, as it amounts to the same thing. After all, There is no power in Venice, Portia affirms earlier, can alter a decree established (4, I, 213-4). By denying the power of the ÂÅ'tongue of man, Shylock means, of course, that he is not to be made amenable to persuasion. He relies upon his bond upon Antonios flesh, which he considers unimpeachable and indisputable because it has been solidly confirmed legal. It is in falsely assuming that the meaning of this bond is stable, that he comes to his downfall. The ÂÅ'tongue of man (or in this case, woman) has powers, though, that circumvent the necessity for persuasion. Though the terms of the bond are stable, and need be, their interpretation is not. The circumstances under which these variable interpretations are allowed to enter discussion bear examination. There would be no question of the law if there were not alternate value-systems already present in the court. Of course, there is Portias appeal to a Christian system of salvation, which directly contradicts the rules of law: Consider this:/ That in the course of justice none of us/ Should see salvation (4, I, 193-5). But Shylock, who structures his plea, and bases his claim, on the strict parity of Venetian justice, is likewise responsive to another system of values. An oath, an oath! I have an oath in heaven./ Shall I lay perjury on my soul?/ No, not for Venice. (4, I, 222-4). Here Shylock places the values of his heaven above those that sustain the mercantile court of Venice. By describing his bond to heaven in legal terms (perjury) he is deceptively and unsuccessfully conflating the mechanics of the two systems, which are, in fact, in opposition. The fundamental difference between the Christian ideal of mercy and the courts justice is that mercy does not consider equivalence its ideal. The court at Venice exists to preserve property, and works on the principle of exchange that defines the rest of mercantile relations; something of the same value is substituted for a monetary loss. Mercy grants something undeserved, something greater, for something of lesser value. Shylock asks for something of lesser value, a weight of carrion flesh (4, I, 40), for something of greater value. Of course, for him, Antonios death is of greater value than any number of ducats. But alternate notions of valuation belie the trade-balance of justice the court tries to obtain. Thus, in fall ing back on an oath of revenge, Shylock deviates from the principles that underlie the mercantile court. If he were following the precepts of the legal system to which he appeals, he would take the threefold profit offered him (which is, indeed, more than he deserves). By rejecting the offers of increase, Shylock is not just defying mercy, but his own allegiance to an economic system where reward is profit, and profit the greatest end. Portia, of course, is in disguise when she enters. She is not only in disguise as a man, but as a lawyer. Encoded within this disguise is another transvaluation: she is disguised as a young man, and thus her youth must be valued above the elders she is judging, that her verdict holds sway over. These reversals, these impersonations, are necessary to create the circumstances that allow for such overt defiance to occur. Portias performance and transvestism is just the most significant in a series of such occurrences in the play. Portias perfo rmance is presaged by a scene of similar circumstances: Jessicas escape from her fathers house, when as though receiving inspiration from the cloaked city around her, she dresses up as a boy. Appearing in disguise, assuming another, opposite, persona, allows for a sort of insubordination that life outside the masquerade does not admit. This reflected, parallel, and upside-down world has clear roots in the sort of reverse order that Christianity entails, where weakness trumps strength. The marginal reality of the stage, its essential unreality, can be said, therefore, to engender the possibility of mercy by creating a realm displaced from accepted values. What is the quality of mercy, after all, if not a way of indicating a departure from the literal? The stage invites us to similar departures, and allows us similar liberties.

Rebelled Emily Dickinson - Free Essay Example

Growing up Dickinson was a rebel she rebelled in matters of religions and social prosperity. When Emily was younger she secretly created bundles of poetry and wrote hundreds of letters. Emily Dickinson was born December 10,1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts where she lived nearly her entire life. She died on May15th, 1886. Dickinson died of kidney disease. She was 55 years old when she died. Her parents were Samuel Dickinson and Emily Norcross. The couple had three children William Austin, Lavinia Norcross and middle child Emily. Dickinson and her siblings were very close growing up they always depended on each others. Emily Dickinson had a strange relationship with both of her parents. She never moved out of her familys home. Her and her mother did not always have the best relationship. Emilys mother was a stay at home mom and made sure that everything got done around the house. Samuel Dickinson emilys father worked as It wasnt until her mother got very ill till they had a good relationship. As her mother got very ill she needed a lot of help and support. Emily Dickinsons parents were big into the farming and having everything being done at home. Dickinson ended school in her teenage years to help on the homestead. After helping on the homestead for several years she finally went back to school and she attended Amherst Academy (college) for seven years then attended Mount Holyoke female seminary for a year. After she finished college is when she really started her writing. While she was in school is enjoyed it and made she is would finish on top. Schooling was very important to her when she finally went back. All of Dickinsons teachers knew that she had so much potential and knew that should could go far and had a huge desire to succeed. As Dickinson got older she got better about getting out of the house. Dickinson never got married or had any children that was just something she was not into. She never thought having kids was really for her. Dickinson did help out a lot with her nieces and nephews she loved be able to watch them grow up. As she grew older she spent a lot of time at her brothers house because her best friend married her brother. As Dickinson began to get older she ended up getting kidney disease at age 55 and it killed her. Her death was a big impact on her family and the world. Dickinson inspired many of the time in America. She was also one of the most famous early female poets ever which added to the womens rights movement. Dickinson had a very driven mind. She had her heart on something and wasnt letting it go till it was complete. Some of her poems reflect on her loneliness and sadness. She went through a lot of hard times in her life but she always reflected it back on her writing. She never let anyone know she was hurting or suffering till she wrote about it. Dickinson started writing at a very young age and thats the reason she had such a big drive for it. Some of the poems Dickinson wrote were Hope is the thing with feathers, I felt a Funeral, in my Brain, Tell all the truth but tell it slant. You can tell by the name of the titles that she writes about special events or something that has impacted her in many ways. Dickinson always wrote things that other people could relate to. People could always read her poems are relate to things that are going on in there life. Looking through some of these poems I can see where I can relate to certain things in them. Even after Dickinson passed away her best friend made sure her work didnt go away. The poems that she hadnt totally finished were still published. My opinion on Emily Dickinson is that she seemed like a very hard worker and if she set her mind to something she made sure it got done and that it was successful. It is amazing to me that she kept her feelings in till and not express herself till she wrote her poems. She was very independent person and always wanted to do better. She always made her writing stick out where people wanted to read it. You could tell that she wanted people to look up to her and wanted to be known as someone people looked up to and wanna be known as someone that and changed things for the better. One of my favorite quotes from Emily was Saying nothing sometimes says the most. This quote to me means that silence can have more of a meaning than words. You should not always have to say something for someone to realize that something has happened or changed or that you have done something wrong.This quote makes a big impact on my life. Dickinson will always be remembered as one of the best American poets to ever live and her legacy will live on for many years to come.

Human Resource Management ( Hrm ) - 1552 Words

Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an association that has emphases on the employment of, administration of, and providing direction for the employees within an organization. The Human Resource Management department members deliver knowledge, training, tools, administrative services, and lawful and organization advice. The HRM department is organized by very talented managers who has a mission to make sure the rest of the business has the needs for successful operation. Human Resource Managers are directly responsible for the engagement, involvement, and productivity of their staff members. To fully integrate an organization manager have a significant role in the recruitment process of a business. Human Resource†¦show more content†¦Human resource management has transferred from operational to strategic, which are two characteristics of the HR department. The HR department has changed from being reactive to proactive within a company. The HR team organize s its philosophy about the past, present, and future around the combination of both proactive and reactive HR. Operational Human Resource activities generally refer to the habitual delivery of Human Resource essentials. The two methods in the Human Resource department are strategically reactive and strategically proactive. A reactive Human Resource Management waits for conflict to occur before their managers take action to solve the issue. Reactive Human Resource Management also delays terminating someone before they take action to train a replacement. Whereas proactive Human Resource Management anticipates conflicts before it occurs and attempts to prevent the situation. Both proactive and reactive HR are utilized to improve the value of an organization. Disputes about the importance of Human Resources Management occur day-to-day. Human Resource staff, is seen as the regulating and systematizing member of administrative management. Other employees see HR staff members as gatekeepers and people who hold low regard to lower employee concerns. Some employees attribute reprehensible goals and motives to the Human Resource staff and discuss why they dislike the Human Resource Management department staff members. A fragment

Unas Search for Religion in Naslunds Novel, Ahabs Wife...

Unas Search for Religion in Naslunds Novel, Ahabs Wife Herman Melvilles Moby Dick is a novel filled with references to the Bible and God. In writing Ahabs Wife, Sena Naslund could not ignore Melvilles biblical allusions. Naslunds novel is a reaction to Moby Dick, and therefore Una does not accept Melvilles omnipresent religion. She cannot bring herself to belief in the basic tenants of Christianity, and is constantly searching for a new community, or philosophy that will embrace her ideals. Una is on a journey and her quest is to find a religion that suits her life and her experiences. Brought up in Kentucky by a fanatical father who is determined to force her to believe in his religion, Una has is repulsed by his beliefs.†¦show more content†¦And here was a road that went off at right angles, that could bend and double back, that was open to whatever sheep might wander into it (338). She appreciates the unconventional because she is not a typical person, or leading a normal life. Margaret Fuller later introduces Una to Transcendentalism, which is more like a philosophy than a religion, but that Una finds even better than Unitarianism. As the novel continues, and Una endures more tragedy and experiences more, her search changes. At first she views the lighthouse as God in the microcosm of her island. She and Frannie idolize the lighthouse and worship it, I allowed Frannie to kiss the lichen-crusted stone with her lips, as though he were an holy icon, the mighty thighbone of God, and I stood beside her and sang a hymn, such as they sang in my fathers church, God of Wisdom, God of Power, changing the words to suit me: Sign of Safety, Sign of Silence, Sing we to Thy Speaking of the Light, and thanked him many times for his palpable being (44). Here Una can relate the lighthouse to God because it is tangible, and earthly. She does not have to picture some abstract being, or create dogmas to accompany it, the lighthouse is merely a great object that represents a higher power. Una then begins to see God elsewhere. When she goes to Boston with her family, she sees religious icons in a shop, I imaged and prayed to them

Theft in the Kite Runner - 1543 Words

During one’s life, they will be faced with situations that can influence the people surrounding them. The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini a novel based on the life of Amir, the son of a well-off Pashtun. Amir spends the majority of his life trying to please, and receive affection from his father, Baba. Amir and Baba had two Hazara servants; Hassan, and Ali, Hassan’s father. Hassan and Amir have been friends since birth despite their different social classes. Hassan has always gained the affection of Baba with less effort than Amir has, and for that reason, Amir begins to resent Hassan. After a series of unfortunate events, Ali and Hassan made the decision to leave the company of Baba and Amir to start a new life in Hazarajat. Later†¦show more content†¦Baba asked Hassan, â€Å" Did you steal that money? Did you steal Amir’s watch, Hassan?† Hassan replied, â€Å"Yes.†(Hosseini 111) Even though Hassan did not steal those items from Am ir, he still took the blame to protect Amir from the consequences. Hassan had told Ali about what happened to him, and on top of this incident, Ali decided that they would leave Kabul. Assef is the antagonist in The Kite Runner. Assef was a Pashtun whose father was friends with Baba. He was very against Hazaras and Pashtuns becoming friends so he picked on and bullied Hassan and Amir for that reason. Assef had a mindset similar to Hitler’s in the sense that he wanted to eliminate a race of people: the Hazaras. Assef views the Hazara people as worthless so when he takes advantage of Hassan, he feels no guilt because he does not think of him as human. One of Assef’s friends protests that raping someone is ‘sinful’ he replies saying, â€Å"there’s nothing sinful about teaching a lesson to a disrespectful†¦ It’s just a Hazara.†(Hosseini80). Regardless of what Assef thought, Hassan was a person, and he lost his innocence when Assef raped him. This was illustrated when Amir describes Hassan’s face when he was being advantage of as, â€Å"the look of the lamb.†(Hosseini81). Throughout the novel, he remai ns a character with no conscience or remorse. Assef was the type of character who needs to feel in power over and victimizes the weak links. Later on in the novel when Amir goesShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner1069 Words   |  5 PagesWhat role did assef play in The Kite Runner? antagonist Who is rahim khan in The Kite Runner? Rahim Khan is Babas business partner and best friend. What is the mood of The Kite Runner? The mood of one flying a kite i would say is optimistic. Flying a kite doesnt always go as planned. What disease did Ali have in The Kite Runner? Parkinsons. What did Baba decide to construct and pay for in The Kite Runner? An orphanage How was amir responsible for the flight of ali and hassan? Read MoreKite Runner Reflection1367 Words   |  6 PagesAmir concludes the first chapter of The Kite Runner with a reflection, â€Å"I thought about the life I had lived until the winter of 1975 came along and changed everything. And made me what I am today† (Hosseini 2). Every action Amir takes, planned or unplanned, has an outcome that he will have to live with. For instance, the unplanned decision Amir made to hide behind a wall while his friend, Hassan, was brutally attacked and raped in 1975 has haunted him every day of his life. When Amir was youngerRead MoreTheme Of Silence In The Kite Runner999 Words   |  4 PagesHosseini’s characters in his novel The Kite Runner. These lies often result in a twisted irony and these instances of irony play pivotal roles in the novel. Whether it be Amir’s silence in Hassans rape resulting in Baba’s affection or the very foundation of Amir and Sorayaâ €™s marriage it is all tainted by a perverse irony. 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I also found this book very inspiring and I have gained a greater appreciation for the life I have in Canada. Firstly, the text communicated with me through emotions. For example, I felt sadness for Hassan because of the way society treats him as an unequal. In addition, I have learned many things from this novel such as the importanceRead MoreThe Influence of Religion in the Kite Runner: Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesAll through the novel Kite Runner there are various references to Muslim tradition and beliefs, there is an instrumental role of Islam on the story and its characters. Religion seems to be many things to many people in this book. Baba is celebrated in part for his exceptionally secular ways in a traditional society. Amir exercises it in an entirely private way, as if his faith were more repentance than conversion. Hassan is a victim of discrimination and bigotry and in Assefs Taliban rendition,Read Mor eForever Typing: Use of Fatherhood in â€Å"The Kite Runner†1162 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Kite Runner† by Kahleed Hosseini has been deemed a ‘big hit’ by Craig Wilson, journalist for USA Today, selling more than 1.4 million copies, and requiring 17 printings at the time the article was printed, April, 2005. Some have called it a â€Å"certifiable phenomena for a first-time author in today’s anemic book market† (Singh), others still have said â€Å"is about the price of peace, both personal and political† (Hill). Hosseini has already made himself a success with The Kite Runner. Hosseini, inRead MoreBelonging Romulus, My Father and the Kite Runner Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesbelong is true, however it may take time to belong to a certain person, place, group, community or even the larger world. 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Racism And Racism - 1326 Words

Throughout history, inequality and racism have been a major problem in all governments. Inequality is the difference in size, degree, and circumstances. Governments have showed inequality in their economic growth, which also helps them thrive on the poor. Racism is also a benefit to states where the dominant race runs the government. A liberal democracy is a democratic system of government in which individual rights and freedoms are officially recognized and protected, and the exercise of political power is limited by the rule of law. The basic institutions or values of liberal democracy are individual liberties, free elections, and representative democracy. Representative democracy can be corrupt when the need of capital comes to play.†¦show more content†¦Most of the people did not vote because they lacked an ID actually possessed a qualifying form of ID. This confusion may be the result of a lack of effective efforts educating eligible voters of the requirements of the l aw, and it is consistent with other studies that show many otherwise eligible voters are confused about ID laws. It was not unique to Wisconsin or voter ID. According to Huffington Post, a study was conducted and the results showed that the difficulty of measuring the effect of voter ID laws, and the challenge of finding a representative sample of non-voters, who may have a myriad of reasons for not casting a ballot (Levine, 2017). Compare to the U.S., India parliamentary elections have been dealing with opposite complications with voting and the people running the office. Over a decade, the Indian National Congress have been the number one party that been dominated in the politics in India. In recent century, the congress party had lost their majority vote and now, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) controlled the government. Their campaign of economic growth, anticorruption, and emphasis on hindu nationalism. BJP have dominated the political structure of India and have turned it around (O’Neal, 2015). Money give access to candidates and influence public policy that benefits the 1% population (the rich or elites). The Gilded Age was the beginning of inequality and government corruption. While the rich focus heavilyShow MoreRelatedRacism : Racism And Racism1544 Words   |  7 PagesTo understand whether or not racism is learnt, we first have to divulge into the nature of racism. It is usually assumed that racism has been a part of civilisation since civilisation started, that it is embedded into how people work and that no matter what, it will always exist. Another assumption is that racism derives from the capitalism of the slave trade by white elitist men seeking to dehumanize people for economic gain, and used racism as a way to mask their financial motives to justify enslavementRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1003 Words   |  5 Pagesracism: Racism-â€Å"the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.† Imagine, 5 black men. Singing a church song still faithful for hope. Chained and cuffed together. Flies follow them as they walk by in the dry hot desert. With the white oppressor behind them yelling nasty words that poison their brain. Yet they still sing and wait and keep faith. In some statesRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism953 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in America â€Å"Racism is a refuge for the ignorant. It seeks to destroy. 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But sadly that is notRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism989 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in America Racism discrimination has been one of our society’s most horrible social problems. In the words of the famous Martin Luther King judging an individual by the color of their skin rather than the content of their character can be a very dehumanizing experience that can have lasting effects on an individual life. Racism in America has not come to a cease. Racism promotes negative personal relations between people of different cultures. 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Diabetes Outline Essay Example For Students

Diabetes Outline Essay Craig R. Kevorkian Bell C Health Seminar January 31, 2001 Diabetes Type 2 1.Insulin in a healthy human body 1.Insulin 1.a pancreatic hormone that helps the body to convert glucose into energy. 2.Effect of Insulin on Protein Synthesis (1)the total quantity of protein in the body is increased by insulin (1)results from three functions of insulin similar to growth hormone (1)increased active transport of amino acid into the cells 1)amino acids- the basic building blocks of proteins (2)accelerated translation of the messenger RNA code by the ribosomes to form increased quantities of proteins 1)Ribosomes- the sites within a cell where protein is manufactured (3)Increased transcription of DNA in the cell nuclei to form increased quantities of RNA, which in turn leads to still further protein synthesis 2.Diabetes Mellitus: An Introduction 1.90% of all diabetics have type 2 diabetes 2.Affects 16 million people in the united states alone, 100 million in the world. 1. Estimated that half of all diabetics are unaware that they have it. 3.Most common disorder of the endocrine system 4.Brought on by disorders in blood levels of insulin. 3.Short- and long-term complications 1. Hypoglycemia 1.A short term effect of diabetes in which the blood sugar is too low 2.Can be easily remedied if symptoms are recognized 2.Ketoacidosis 1.A serious diabetic condition brought on by a lack of insulin 2.Blood becomes increasingly acidic from accumulation of ketone (1)ketone (1)toxic by-products produced by the body as it breaks down fat for energy. 3.Also occurs if the body is starved for sources of energy. 4.Can occur if the body comes under sudden physical stress, illness, or from an accident 5.Warning signs: (1)nausea (2)excessive thirst (3)frequent urination (4)extreme weakness (5)abdominal pains (6)rapid deep breathing (7)loss of appetite (8)reddened and warm skin (9)headache (10)drowsiness (11)fruity-smelling breath (12)restlessness (13)ketone in urine 6.Failure to respond immediately can result in coma or death 3. Diabetes can damage the following 1.Eyes (1)Diabetes accounts for twelve to twenty-four thousand of new cases of blindness annually (2)the leading cause of blindness in patients ages twenty to seventy-four 2.Nervous system (1)Neuropathy (1)decreased or distorted nerve function particularly in the nerves responsible for sensation (2)numbness (3)tingling (4)weakness (5)burning sensations in the extremities (2)if the nerves are damaged, a person may be unaware of minor wounds that have become infected. (3)if diabetes affects the autonomic nervous system, abnormalities of blood pressure control, bowel and bladder function, and sexual function in males may occur. (4)in some cases neuropathy can block warning chest pains for heart disease and heart attacks (5)diabetic patients should be aware of other signs of a heart attack (1)sudden fatigue (2)sweating (3)shortness of breath (4)nausea (5)vomiting 3.Cardiovascular system (1)heart attacks account for 60% of deaths in diabetics (2)strokes account for 25% of deaths in diabetics (3)people with diabetes and no family history for heart disease have the same seven-year risk for heart attacks as a non-diabetic with heart disease. (4)diabetes accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis or blockage of the arteries (1)leads to three major conditions (1)coronary artery disease (2)heart attack (3)stroke (5)people with type 2 diabetes are more likely than the general population to have high triglyceride levels and lower high-density lipoprotein (1)risk factors for heart disease 4.Kidneys (1)kidney damage is a very serious complication of diabetes (2)the risk for kidney damage is compounded by the presence of (1)hypertension (2)coronary artery disease (3)problems in the urinary tract (3)symptoms include (1)swelling in the feet (2)swelling in the ankles (3)fatigue (4)pale skin color 5.Overall resistance to infections 4.People with diabetes are prone to gum problems 5.Prone to yeast infections 4.What Causes Type 2 Diabetes? 1. Causes of Insulin Resistance .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 , .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 .postImageUrl , .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 , .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446:hover , .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446:visited , .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446:active { border:0!important; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446:active , .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446 .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uef108195e68568c652a1f66c0b0dc446:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Problems In Intercultural Communication Essay1.Insulin resistance is believed to be caused by elevated levels of three factors. (1)free fatty acids (1)acids in the blood produced by the breakdown of fat (2)leptin (1)a protein produced by fat cells (3)tumor-necrosis factor or TNF (1)a component of the immune system (2)? (4)how each of these factors are involved is under investigation 2.Genetic Factors 1.Impairment of beta cell functions and an abnormal response to insulin are involved. 2. P2 gene (1)appears to be a critical link between obesity and insulin resistance 3.Researchers have identified a link between low birth weight and diabetes type 2. 4.Women have a higher rate of insulin resistance than men. 3.Age 1. Onset typically occurs after age 40 2.Major concern for increase of diabetes type 2 in children possibly due to rising rate of child obesity 4.Obesity 1.Rate of obesity in type 2 diabetics is very high 2.Regardless of family history, even mild weight gain is associated with an increased risk for diabetes. 3. Excess body fat plays a strong role in insulin resistance, but the way its distributed is also important (1)weight concentrated around the abdomen and in the upper part of the body (apple-shaped body) is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. (2)fat that settles around the hips and the flank (pear-shaped body) appears to have lower association with these conditions. 5.Smoking 1.Smokers are at a higher risk .